Heat pumps are measured through several distinct lenses: sales, installed stock, building coverage, household use, heating-service demand, energy consumption and manufacturing capacity. The figures below keep those definitions separate while covering global, European and U.S. evidence from 2020 through 2024, alongside clearly labeled forecasts and scenarios.
Key Heat Pump Statistics
The most broadly useful heat pump statistics include:
- In 2022, global heat-pump sales grew 11% year over year for heating applications.
- In the 2022/2023 global assessment, heat pumps served more than 100 million households and covered around 10% of building heating needs.
- Under existing national energy and climate pledges, heat pumps are forecast to meet nearly 20% of global building heating needs by 2030.
- In 2021, heat pumps were installed in 60% of buildings in Norway and more than 40% in both Sweden and Finland.
- EU-21 heat-pump sales reached 3.00 million units in 2022, up 38.9% from 2021.
- EU-21 installed stock reached 19.79 million units at the end of 2022, including 17.86 million for space heating.
- In the 14-country European panel, sales fell 22% on average in 2024 compared with 2023.
- In 2024, UK heat-pump sales rose 63%, or 38,000 units, compared with 2023.
- In 2022, Poland sold 207,992 heat pumps, with 112.0% growth.
- In 2020, 13% of U.S. households used a heat pump as their main heating equipment.
- In 2020, space heating and air conditioning accounted for 52% of annual U.S. household energy consumption.
- DOE reported more than 17 million U.S. housing units had heat pumps installed as of 2020.
- DOE reported that modern air-source heat pumps can reduce electricity use by 50% compared with furnaces and baseboard heaters.
- Heating buildings produced about 4 gigatonnes of CO2 annually, or 10% of global emissions, in the IEA’s 2022 assessment.
- In 2024, heat pumps represented 2% to 16% of annual peak electricity demand across major markets.
- Global heat-pump manufacturing capacity was about 145 GW per year in 2024.
- China accounted for about 35% of global heat-pump manufacturing capacity in 2024, compared with 25% for the United States and 20% for the European Union.
- Large industrial heat pumps can provide heat up to 140–160°C today.
Contents
- Global heat pump adoption, sales and heating coverage
- European heat pump sales, stock and market trends
- Heat pump statistics by European country and technology
- U.S. heat pump use, household energy and savings
- Heat pump efficiency, emissions and grid impacts
- Heat pump forecasts, industry and 2030 pathways
Global Heat Pump Adoption, Sales and Heating Coverage
The International Energy Agency reported that global heat-pump sales increased 11% in 2022. This sales estimate covers heat pumps used for heating; supplementary or cooling-only equipment is not equivalent. IEA, “Global heat pump sales continue double-digit growth”
In the IEA’s 2022/2023 assessment, heat pumps serving as main heating devices covered around 10% of building heating needs globally and served more than 100 million households. The distinction matters because main heating is different from supplementary or seasonal use. IEA, “Global heat pump sales continue double-digit growth”
Country building-equipment shares show how adoption can differ across markets:
| Geography | Period | Heat-pump equipment share | Measure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | 2021 | 60% | Buildings equipped |
| Sweden | 2021 | More than 40% | Buildings equipped |
| Finland | 2021 | More than 40% | Buildings equipped |
These shares describe buildings equipped, not sales shares, and therefore should not be compared directly with annual sales data. IEA, “The Future of Heat Pumps: Executive Summary”
European Heat Pump Sales, Stock and Market Trends
The European Heat Pump Association’s EU-21 series recorded 3.00 million heat pumps sold in 2022, a 38.9% increase from 2021. The same series puts installed stock at 19.79 million units at the end of 2022, including 17.86 million units for space heating. EHPA, “European Heat Pump Market Statistics Report”
The reconstructed EU-21 series shows the scale of the longer expansion:
| Year | Annual sales | Installed stock |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 446,037 | 1.10 million |
| 2014 | 791,538 | — |
| 2020 | 1.60 million | — |
| 2021 | 2.16 million | — |
| 2022 | 3.00 million | 19.79 million |
The stock calculation assumes approximately 20-year life expectancy. EHPA also estimated approximately 120 million residential buildings in Europe in 2022, making heat pumps more than 16% of that building stock; both the denominator and stock are estimates. EHPA, “European Heat Pump Market Statistics Report”
A separate EHPA panel of 14 major European countries rose from 0.7 million sales in 2014 to 2.8 million in 2022, then recorded about 2.6 million in 2023 and 2.0 million in 2024. The 2024 total was down an average 22% from 2023, while the panel represented about 90% of the European market and had about 26 million installed units in 2024. EHPA, “Pump it down: Why heat pump sales dropped in 2024”
Heat Pump Statistics by European Country and Technology
EHPA’s 2022 country comparison recorded the following sales and growth figures. Country technology coverage differs, and the report notes that Swedish figures exclude air-to-air growth. EHPA, “European Heat Pump Market Statistics Report”
| Country | 2022 sales | Growth from 2021 |
|---|---|---|
| France | 621,776 | 15.8% |
| Italy | 513,535 | 35.2% |
| Germany | 275,697 | 59.0% |
| Sweden | 215,373 | 61.3% |
| Poland | 207,992 | 112.0% |
EHPA directly reported the largest absolute year-on-year gains in its 2022 comparison as 133,564 units for Italy, 109,890 for Poland, 102,310 for Germany, 84,665 for France, 81,875 for Sweden and 66,984 for Finland. These are reported comparison figures, not independently recalculated values. EHPA, “European Heat Pump Market Statistics Report”
The 2024 panel illustrates a sharp divergence between countries:
- Germany’s sales decline was 209,000 units, or 48%, compared with 2023.
- France’s sales decline was 173,000 units, or 39%, compared with 2023.
- The United Kingdom added 38,000 units, or 63%, in 2024 and was the only growth market in the 14-country comparison.
These 2024 figures are EHPA preliminary market figures and describe the selected panel rather than all European countries. EHPA, “Pump it down: Why heat pump sales dropped in 2024”
U.S. Heat Pump Use, Household Energy and Savings
The U.S. Energy Information Administration found that approximately 13% of U.S. households used a heat pump as their main heating equipment in 2020. This is a main-heating survey measure, not a count of every installed heat pump. EIA, “Use of energy in homes”
U.S. household energy-use context in 2020 was distributed across broad end-use categories:
- Space heating and air conditioning accounted for 52% of annual household energy consumption.
- Water heating, lighting and refrigeration accounted for 25%.
- Other devices and appliances accounted for the remaining 23%.
- Natural gas was used in 58% of homes and represented 43% of residential end-use energy consumption.
- Renewable sources including geothermal, solar and wood represented about 5% of residential-sector end-use energy consumption.
- About three-quarters of homes used two or more energy sources.
These measures describe household energy use broadly, not heat-pump performance alone. A detached single-family household used nearly three times as much energy as a household in an apartment building with five or more apartments. EIA, “Use of energy in homes”
DOE reported more than 17 million U.S. housing units had heat pumps installed as of 2020. In its 2023 summary, DOE also said heat pumps accounted for more than half of residential heating-equipment sales, while noting that the broad sales category should be checked against underlying data before precise comparisons. DOE, “Pump Up Your Savings with Heat Pumps”
DOE’s conditional estimates include up to a 50% reduction in electricity use compared with furnaces and baseboard heaters, potential savings of up to 7.6 metric tons of carbon emissions per year in some replacement cases, and average annual savings of more than $500 for some households. Results depend on climate, sizing, home size, efficiency and the equipment replaced. DOE, “Pump Up Your Savings with Heat Pumps”
Heat Pump Efficiency, Emissions and Grid Impacts
Heating buildings produced about 4 gigatonnes of CO2 emissions annually, or 10% of global emissions, in the IEA’s 2022 assessment. This is a buildings-heating emissions estimate, not an estimate of heat-pump emissions. IEA, “The Future of Heat Pumps: Executive Summary”
The IEA estimated that accelerated heat-pump deployment aligned with national climate targets could reduce global CO2 emissions by 0.5 gigatonnes by 2030. That is a scenario estimate dependent on deployment and policy alignment. IEA, “The Future of Heat Pumps: Executive Summary”
Grid effects are also measured separately from energy efficiency:
- In 2024, heat pumps represented 2% to 16% of annual peak electricity demand across major markets, with the range varying by climate and adoption.
- More than 70% of buildings-sector heat-pump sales in all major markets were sourced domestically in 2024; this measures sales sourcing rather than full supply-chain localization.
IEA, “Key findings – Heat Pump Monitor 2026”
Heat Pump Forecasts, Industry and 2030 Pathways
The IEA’s pathways distinguish observed market data from milestones and projections. In its net-zero pathway, global heat-pump capacity nearly triples by 2030 to about 3,000 GW, while heat pumps meet 12% of space-heating service demand in 2022, 25% in 2030, 40% in 2035 and 55% in 2050. IEA, “Space heating”
The same global pathway requires heat-pump sales to grow by well over 15% annually during the 2020s. Under existing national energy and climate pledges, heat pumps would meet nearly 20% of global building heating needs by 2030; this is a scenario milestone, not a guaranteed result. IEA, “Global heat pump sales continue double-digit growth”
Manufacturing and industrial applications add other dimensions to the outlook:
| Measure | Period | Figure |
|---|---|---|
| Global manufacturing capacity | 2024 | About 145 GW/year |
| China share of capacity | 2024 | About 35% |
| United States share of capacity | 2024 | 25% |
| European Union share of capacity | 2024 | 20% |
| Global sector employment growth | 2015–2024 | About 50% |
Manufacturing capacity is not annual sales or installations. The employment figure is an IEA sector estimate, while technician shortages remain a separate constraint. IEA, “Key findings – Heat Pump Monitor 2026”
Large industrial heat pumps can provide heat up to 140–160°C today. Nearly 30% of combined heating needs in the paper, food and chemicals industries could be addressed by heat pumps in the near term, and the IEA identified potential for 15 GW across 3,000 European facilities; these are capability and potential-deployment estimates, not installed shares. IEA, “The Future of Heat Pumps: Executive Summary”
An IEA European Union climate scenario raises annual heat-pump sales from 2 million in 2021 to 7 million in 2030, with modeled natural-gas reductions of 7 billion cubic metres in 2025 and 21 billion cubic metres in 2030. Those savings depend on the scenario’s installation and operating assumptions. IEA, “The Future of Heat Pumps: Executive Summary”
The IEA’s Current Policies Scenario projects global heat-pump deployment in 2035 at about 80% above the 2025 sales level of 108 GW. In the Stated Policies Scenario, 2035 sales are over 25% higher than in the Current Policies Scenario, cover around 20% of global space-heating needs, and lift heat pumps’ share of global light-industry heat demand from below 1% in 2025 to about 8% in 2035. IEA, “Key findings – Heat Pump Monitor 2026”
U.S. policy figures in DOE’s 2023 summary included a heat-pump tax credit of up to 30% of purchase and installation cost for 2023–2032 taxes, plus a 30% professional home-energy-audit credit capped at $150. Eligibility and caps vary by technology and law, so current rules should be verified before relying on them. DOE, “Pump Up Your Savings with Heat Pumps”